Teach Plato’s Allegory of the Cave with a Digital Educational Download from Stones of Erasmus

If you want to teach philosophy to young people, start with some of Plato's myths, as recounted in his book The Republic. The most potent myth from Plato is the Allegory of the Cave. It's such a vivid metaphor for illustrating a specific type of search for truth — that your students will get it right away and not only enjoy reading the source material with you, but they'll surprise you with their takes on the narratives and connections to the real world.

Download the digital resource on TpT, Amazon, or Made By Teachers!

If you want to teach philosophy to young people, use this lesson plan that introduces students to Plato’s theory of reality. I was inspired to create this resource when I retold the story of Plato’s Allegory of the Cave (from The Republic) in plain language. In this story, Plato imagines a world where one man wakes up and questions what is real and not real. Have your students read this story with you, and use my handy dandy comprehension questions and discussion activities to lead your students to examine Plato’s metaphysical thinking. 

*This resource is optimized for distance learning. The product includes an editable Google Docs link. Modify this resource for use on Google Classroom and other classroom management sites*

This resource includes the following features:

Essential Question: How do I know what is really real?

• The text of the story is included in this resource.

• The story is retold from the source material in easy-to-understand English. Great for a class read-and-share. Or, have students pair-read the text and then have a whole-class discussion.

• 15 reading comprehension questions

• Useful for homework. To flip the classroom — assign the reading before you plan to discuss and have students complete the reading comprehension questions beforehand.

• 6 Discussion Questions

• Perfect for group work or a carousel activity — get your kids moving while discussing Plato!

• 1 Chart to Explain Plato’s Two-World Theory 

• Useful graphic organizer to understand Plato’s worldview

• An answer key for both comprehension and discussion questions

• Suggested Lesson Plan 

• With more ideas and instructions on how to use this resource

• Bibliography

• I use the bibliography as a further reading resource for my students. Assign your curious scholars a research assignment or have students do projects based on books, links, and other material related to Plato they may find interesting or exciting.

Suggested Uses:

1. Humanities Course on Ancient Greece

2. World History Course on the History of Ideas 

3. Literature Course

4. Ethics Course — See how I used this resource in an Ethics class with 8th graders!

5. Introduction to Philosophy Course

6. Student Advisory Course on Drug and Alcohol Abuse 

7. A Lesson on Truth

8. A lesson on Appearance and Reality

Discover More of My Philosophy in the Classroom Series 

• Free: Five Resources to Get Young People Thinking About Ethics and Moral Decision-Making
• Want Google Forms with your Plato? — get it here.
• See companion lesson "The Ring of Gyges" - on the uses and misuses of justice from Plato's Republic. 
• 5-product Philosophy in the Classroom bundle — Includes this resource plus Ring of Gyges, Nietzsche, Empiricism and Rationalism, and an activity to Discuss any Moral Problem.

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That Time My Mother Mailed Me a Mardi Gras King Cake from New Orleans

Fedex delivered a king cake in a box
from Gambino's Bakery in New Orleans.

King Cake Before Its Frosted
With Green, Purple, and Gold

Today, Mom sent a king 👑 cake to me from @gambinosbakery in New Orleans. @ceiacrema helped me to open and decorate! Who’s ready for a king cake party? And who’s gonna get the baby? As a kid, we used to have Mardi Gras classroom parties. Think a colossal sheet cake from @winndixie covered in purple, green, and gold, and your entire first-grade class goes into a diabetic coma. Thankfully teachers knew to save the cake as a Friday thing (at the end of the day). Otherwise, nobody was learning anything. I know it’s a crazy year to celebrate 🎉 , but it’s Mardi Gras season y’all. Be safe, stay masked, and do your part to stop the spread of Covid-19. But that doesn’t mean you can’t have a slice, honey.

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Teaching the Anatolian Tale of King Midas to Middle and High School Student: Graeco-Roman Mythology Series

In this post, I discuss the story of Midas, the foolish king of Phrygia who turned everything he touched into gold, grew a pair of ass's ears, and apparently is based on a historical king in what is today part of central Turkey and Asia Minor.

King Midas was an ancient Phrygian monarch 

and son of Gordius, and some say of the Goddess Ida. Image Credit: Unsplash

The story of King Midas has been told and retold throughout history, and for good reason. It's the premise behind a quite humorous candy commercial, and perhaps you first heard of the story through a widely distributed Disney animated short film. The story, however, is a cautionary tale. In my English Language Arts and Humanities middle and high school classroom, I use it to prompt young people to think critically about folly, ignorance, fraud, greed, and the unintended consequences of our actions. And even further, I use this story to spark discussions about morality, ethics, and the importance of self-reflection.

With an easy-to-use map and anchor chart
I can introduce students to the historical context of the Midas tale.

First, I introduce my students to the story's historical context. King Midas was a ruler of Phrygia, an ancient kingdom located in what is now parts of central Turkey and Asia Minor. This helps to ground the story in reality and shows that the lessons it teaches are rooted in history and culture. That's an important piece.

Next, I read the story of King Midas to my students. I like to use the version from Robert Graves' fantastic collection of Greek myths. Plenty of versions are out there, including a famous one by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Whichever version you choose, and you can share more than one, I ask students how they would feel if they suddenly became rich beyond their wildest dreams or if everything they touched turned gold.

After we have discussed the story itself, I like to focus on the character of King Midas. I ask my students to consider his actions and motivations and how they ultimately led to his downfall. I have many activities that lean into this part of the story. We talk about the dangers of greed and how it can blind us to the things that matter in life, such as family, friends, and happiness.

One of the most memorable parts of the story is when King Midas grows a pair of ass's ears after foolishly wishing for the ability to hear everything. This powerful image can illustrate the idea that our actions have consequences and that we must be careful what we wish for.

I use writing prompts to get kids' creative juices flowing.

To reinforce the story's lessons, I like to use creative activities that allow my students to explore the themes more personally. I pull from art and literature to showcase how the story has been adapted, leading to a creative writing activity. For example, I might ask them to write a modern-day version of the story or create a piece of artwork representing the dangers of greed.

Here is a monologue one of my amazing students wrote, re-imagining the version of Midas by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In this version, Midas turns his daughter into gold when he touches her:

The Gilded Daughter's Lament

It's funny, isn't it? The thing I always wanted that would bring me the most happiness is now the very thing that's destroyed me. Gold. My father's touch turned me into a statue of gold.
 
I used to dream of being wealthy and powerful, of having everything I could ever want at my fingertips. But I never stopped to consider the cost, the price I'd have to pay for all that wealth. And now, I'm paying it in full.
 
I can't move, I can't speak, I can't even cry. I'm just frozen in this golden shell, a monument to my father's foolishness. And what will become of me now? Will I be placed on display for all to see, a tragic curiosity? Will I be melted down and turned into something else, something that someone else desires?
 
It's funny how quickly your desires can turn against you. How one moment you can be chasing after something, thinking it will bring you happiness, and the next moment it can become your greatest nightmare. I wish I could go back and warn myself, tell myself to be careful what I wished for. But it's too late now.
 
So here I am, a statue of gold, unable to move or speak, watching as the world passes me by. And all I can do is wonder if anyone will ever see me as more than just a thing to be owned and possessed.

Overall, the story of King Midas is a wonderful tool for teaching important lessons about morality and ethics. By engaging my students in thoughtful discussions and creative activities, I can help them better understand these concepts and how they apply to their lives.

If you want to teach the story of Midas to your middle and high school students, head over to my TpT store, where I sell a compelling lesson and activity that features the story of this Anatolian king!

Midas Anatolian Tale: Mythology Series for Middle and High School (Grades 8-10)

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FREEBIE! 3-Box Note-Taking Template from Stones of Erasmus

Use Google Apps in the Classroom? Do you need a note-taking template for students? Look no further.

Go Digital With a Note-Taking Template Compatible with Google Apps

Going digital, I often bemoan that students do not always have clear ideas on how to take notes whilst on Zoom. Suffice it to say, no one is using a notebook anymore. So I came up with something old and borrowed and traditional and put it into a zesty digital format.

Here is a freebie for y'all to share with your students. It's a simple-to-use digital note-taking template.

Questions:

In this section, students can do one of two things (or both). First, they can record questions they have so they won't forget. Second, they can generate test-type questions. Studies show when students start thinking like the teacher, they are more likely to do well on tests and other assessments.

Notes:

In this section, students jot down what they hear in class in the normal way. I don't expect students to take down everything I say. The gist is what I'm after.

Summary:

At the end of class, or for independent work, students take time to digest what was learned in class and write down everything in a summative paragraph form. Great for retention! Also, if you prefer the old school method, I got you. Once you download the template, you'll see there are both versions available, print and digital.

You can download the FREEBIE on my TpT store OR you can click the link below!

PDF Copy of FREEBIE!

Going Digital in the Classroom: Pros and Cons (And Notes on Teaching During a Global Pandemic)

The Covid-19 pandemic has turned the education world upside down in so many ways. Schools have had to shut down, parents have had to take on the role of homeschool teachers, and even traditional educators have had to find ways to adapt to a digital environment.

Before the pandemic, creating a digital resource for students might have been seen as innovative but only sometimes necessary. After all, printable worksheets and textbooks have been the norm for so long, and they still work just fine. But the pandemic has forced us all to think outside the box and develop new ways to reach our students and ensure they still receive a quality education.

For those of us who are old-school teachers, the transition to a digital environment has been challenging. We've had to learn new technologies, figure out how to use them effectively in our classrooms, and adapt our teaching styles to fit this new format. It's been a challenge, to say the least.

But despite these challenges, the shift to digital resources has been a good thing for education. For one thing, it's made it easier for students to access materials and resources from anywhere. No longer are they tied to a physical classroom or limited by the resources available at their school. They can access a wealth of information and resources online, which has opened up a new world of learning opportunities.

Additionally, digital resources are often more interactive and engaging than traditional print materials. They can include videos, animations, simulations, and other multimedia elements to help students better understand and retain the material. And because they are often more interactive, they can also be more fun and engaging for students, which can help keep them motivated and interested in their studies.

While the shift to digital resources has not been without its challenges, I believe it has been a net positive for education. It has made it easier for students to access materials and resources and has opened up new opportunities for interactive and engaging learning experiences. As we move forward in the post-pandemic world, I hope that we can continue to embrace the benefits of digital resources and find ways to make education more accessible and engaging for all students.

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January 18th is a National Holiday: Martin Luther King, Jr. On Poverty

In this post, I talk about how Martin Luther King, Jr. is known as a civil rights activist. Still, his legacy is more about human rights -- especially the state of poverty that he believed could be eradicated if humans only have the will to do so.

 "Martin Luther King press conference / [MST]." Original black and white negative by Marion S. Trikosko. Taken August 26th, 1964, Washington, D.C, United States (@libraryofcongress). Colorized by Jordan J. Lloyd. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division Washington, D.C. 20540 USA https://www.loc.gov/item/2003688129/

King was the president of the Southern 
Christian Leadership Conference and advocated
for the eradication of poverty in society.
image courtesy NYPL on Unsplash

Today I listened to a brief speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr.'s son, Martin Luther King, III. In the video, he talks about his father's legacy but points out that one message King repeatedly gave was often not emphasized in the praise we often give the slain civil rights leader. It's about poverty. When King was assassinated in Memphis on April 4, 1968, he protested against the poverty wages sanitation workers were given who worked in the city. Workers worked long hours and subsisted on low wages, and many were also on welfare. King espouses the merits of having a stable job and receiving an equitable income as something elusive for Americans. Whenever I talk about living wages today or about the need to reduce poverty, I often run up against tin ears. It's easy to shush away poverty as one of those problems Miss America pageant contestants say they want to defeat (along with world peace). But King was right when he said the problem won't go away unless we have the will to fight it. When I look at the problems beset by the Covid-19 virus, I see a public health crisis, but I also see a crisis that has torn open the inequalities caused by poverty. In the United States, forty-five million (maybe more) live in poverty, which by some estimates is more than were poor during Martin Luther King's time.

So, if you are celebrating the Martin Luther King holiday today in the United States, it is appropriate to sing praise for what he did to secure civil rights, but the road to equitable human rights is still not won.

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Aesthetic Thursday: Poussin’s Poetic Painting "Blind Orion Searching for the Rising Sun" at the Metropolitan Museum of Art

I recently went to the Met — and I wandered the newly renovated European Paintings galleries and I fell in love with the French artist Poussin's painterly image of a wandering giant looking for the sun.

Nicolas Poussin, French Les Andelys 1594-1665 Rom — "Blind Orion Searching for the Rising Sun," 1658 (oil on canvas). The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York City. 24.45.1 

The Metropolitan Museum of Art has recently renovated its European Paintings galleries. The skylights have been fixed and apparently more artwork has been hung on the walls. I like to wander the galleries without a goal in mind — however, I lie just a bit, here. Because I did have a goal in my wanderings — mainly to find the Met's Caravaggio's. But it's always the serendipitous finds that stick with me. And Poussin's "Blind Orion" caught my attention. I know nothing of Poussin — so my interpretation of the painting is more of a first blush. But I am a lover of myth and poetry — and this painting draws you into a mythological world. At first I thought the giant figure carrying a man on his shoulders was Saint Christopher — the legendary boatsman who carried the Christ child on his shoulder crossing a river. But that is not the subject of this painting. It's a depiction of the blind giant Orion, who carries his guide Cedalion, as they look for the rising sun. The museum placard indicates that Diana, the moon goddess, who appears a diaphanous blue, stands watching in the clouds. It's a magical story; obviously one fit for myth — but the scene resonates with me because I think of myself as somewhat of a wanderer. And Orion is also the name of one of my favorite constellations. So it is befitting. Here's to searching. For the healing sun.

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